Benzocaine is a classic local anesthetic widely discussed in organic chemistry because its synthesis showcases foundational aromatic substitution and ester-forming reactions. Its structure is built on a para-aminobenzoate framework, and preparing it typically involves introducing the amino group onto the … Read more
Sulfanilamide, one of the earliest synthetic antimicrobial agents, holds a foundational place in medicinal chemistry because it introduced the concept of selectively inhibiting bacterial metabolism. As a member of the sulfonamide class, its structure mimics p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), allowing it … Read more
Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic that reduces pain and fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system. Its structure features a phenolic hydroxyl group and an amide functionality, making it a simple yet … Read more
Lidocaine is a widely used local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug that works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing nerve signal transmission. Its structure contains both an aromatic amide and a tertiary amine side chain, making it an excellent example of … Read more
Diazepam (Valium) is a widely used benzodiazepine medication prescribed for anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures, and insomnia. Its structure features a fused benzodiazepine ring system, making it an excellent example of how heterocycles are constructed through sequential functional-group transformations. In … Read more
Ibuprofen, the active ingredient in brands such as Advil, is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes responsible for prostaglandin synthesis. It is one of the most common … Read more
Prozac (Fluoxetine) is a widely used antidepressant belonging to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It increases serotonin levels in the brain by inhibiting its reabsorption, which helps improve mood and treat depression, anxiety disorders, and OCD. … Read more
