In an antiperiplanar arrangement, two atoms or groups are positioned on opposite sides of the same plane, typically around a carbon-carbon single bond. This is clearly seen in the Newman projection of butane, where the lowest-energy anti conformation places the … Read more
Angle Strain and Torsional Strain Cycloalkanes are less stable than their open-chain analogs. For example, butane is more stable than cyclobutane, and propane is far more stable than cyclopropane. It may visually be obvious why they are less stable without … Read more
Let’s address two common exam questions: comparing the SN2 and E2 rates of two isomeric cyclohexanes and determining the major product in those reactions. The first thing you need to remember here is that both SN2 and E2 … Read more
Halohydrins are compounds containing a vicinal (adjacent) halogen and a hydroxyl groups. Halohydrins are prepared by the traction of alkenes with halogens in the presence of water: Recall that in neutral solvents such as CCl4 and DCM, the … Read more
We have learned that a Newman projection represents a molecule looking from a specified direction and a given bond. Therefore, a molecule can have multiple Newman projections depending on this bond and the direction we are looking from. For example, … Read more
By experimental methods, which we’ll discuss later, it has been shown that cycloalkanes are generally less stable than their corresponding alkanes. More accurately, the comparison was made between a cycloalkane and the equivalent number of CH2 groups. Recall that cycloalkanes … Read more
In the previous post, we talked about drawing the two conformations of cyclohexane (ring-flip). Remember that conformations are different arrangements of atoms originating as a result of rotation(s) abound a single bond(s). This means that the ring flip is a reversible process … Read more
Decalin is the common name for fused bicyclic compounds that consist of two six-membered rings. As you may remember from the discussion about bicyclic compounds, fusing two six-membered rings does not give a 12-atom system because there are two common … Read more
In the previous two posts, we have talked about drawing the ring-flip of chair conformations and the A value (1,3-diaxial interactions). And we learned that for a given cyclohexane, the axial conformer is less stable than the corresponding equatorial conformer. … Read more
How to Draw the Ring-Flip of a Chair? In summary, this is what you need to do: Now, let’s go into more detail. The first thing you need to know before drawing the ring flip of a chair cyclohexane … Read more
