Molecular Representations

Resonance Structures Practice Problems

In the previous post, we talked about the resonance structures and the main rules applied to them.

In summary, there are two must-follow rules when drawing resonance structures:

 1) Do not exceed the octet on 2nd-row elements.

2) Do not break single bonds

Keeping these in mind, go ahead and work on the following practice problems on drawing curved arrows, missing resonance forms, and determining the more stable resonance structure.

Check this 60-question, Multiple-Choice Quiz with a 2-hour Video Solution covering Lewis Structures, Resonance Structures, Localized and Delocalized Lone Pairs, Bond-line structures, Functional Groups, Formal Charges, Curved Arrows, and Constitutional Isomers.

Practice

1.

Using curved arrows draw at least one resonance structure for each of the following species.

Note: all the charges are as shown but the lone pairs of electrons might be omitted so, add the lone pairs to help you track the movement of electrons.

Answer

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Check the solution for more details and explanation.

Solution

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2.

For each pair, determine if they are resonance structures of each other or not.

If they are, draw the curved arrow(s) to confirm the movement of electrons.

a)
Answer

These are not resonance structures. While it is possible to break the carbonyl π bond by moving the electrons up to the oxygen, the new double bond cannot be formed since the carbon of the methyl group would have had five bonds. So, the second structures, as it is shown must have a CH2 which leads to these structures having different molecular formulas. Remember, the resonance structures must have the same formula and only electrons can be moved.

b)
Answer

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c)
Answer

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d)
Answer

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e)
Answer

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f)
Answer

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g)
Answer

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h)
Answer

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i)
Answer

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j)
Answer

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3.

Draw the resonance structures for all the transformations according to the curved arrows. Pay attention to the formal charges and add the missing lone pairs of electrons when necessary.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer

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4.

Add the missing curved arrows to accomplish the following resonance structure transformations. Pay attention to the formal charges and add the missing lone pairs of electrons when necessary.

Answer

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5.

The following question is from the multiple-choice quiz on Molecular Representations, which includes the key concepts of resonance structures.

Identify the correct curved arrow(s) for the following resonance transformations:

 

6.

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