Today, we will talk about another type of stereoisomers, which are called diastereomers. This may be overwhelming since at this point you are probably trying to keep track of constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, enantiomers, and not being tricked when the same … Read more
What is the R and S Configuration, and why do we need it? If we name these two alkyl halides based on the IUPAC nomenclature rules, we get the name as 2-chlorobutane for both: … Read more
Aldehydes and ketones have higher priority than all the other functional groups we covered so far. Therefore, they define the parent chain and give the corresponding suffix. All the other groups standing below in the functional group priority table are … Read more
Naming alcohols follows the same rules we discussed earlier for the IUPAC nomenclature rules for alkanes. This is the brief summary of the steps: Step 1. Identify the parent chain. Step 2. Identify the substituents. Step 3. Number the parent chain, giving … Read more
Nucleophilic Substitution reactions are very important as they are the first type of reactions that teach us how to achieve functional group transformations in Organic Chemistry. Substitution reactions cover a broad spectrum of topics, starting from kinetics and thermodynamics that … Read more
The nomenclature of alkyl halides follows the same IUPAC rules that we discussed for naming alkane. The only difference here is that one (or more) of the substituents is a halogen, and its naming is a little modified. Let’s first … Read more
What are the Fischer Projections? Fischer projections are just another way of drawing compounds containing chiral centers. They were initially proposed by Emil Fischer for making it easier to draw the structures of compounds containing multiple chiral centers, with the … Read more
In my experience of teaching, I have noticed that conveying the message about meso compounds is a lot easier when Fischer projections are used. So, we will talk about it by drawing the Fischer projections of three isomers of 2,3-dichlorobutane: … Read more
Determine the Relationship of molecules Enantiomers, Diastereomers, Constitutional isomers, Same or no relationship? A question that covers so much for you to learn, yet a very important one as it lays the basis of understanding organic chemistry. Let’s put this … Read more
In the previous post, we talked about the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules for assigning the R and S configuration. In the following practice problems, we will assign the R and S configuration for bond-line representations and use it to determine the relationship between … Read more
