NMR and IR spectroscopies, both may seem intimidating at first as they are either complicated with all the possible splitting patterns or an endless number of peaks on one spectrum.
In these series of practice problems and video solutions, I will show you the shortcuts and best strategies for solving NMR and IR spectra. Particularly, for IR spectroscopy, you will learn how to solve most problems in three steps based on the key peaks for functional groups.
We will also go over the most common splitting and integration patterns in NMR spectroscopy as well as summarize the best approaches for solving NMR problems.
Two main fragmentation patterns are seen most frequently in the mass spectrometry of alcohols: α-Cleavage – breaking the bond next to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group. Loss of water (M-18) – dehydration of the molecular ion. The reason for … Read more
The m/z 43 peak is one of the most common and characteristic fragments you’ll see in organic mass spectrometry.There are two main sources for this peak: 1) Acylium cation and 2) Propyl or isopropyl cation. While the propyl … Read more
Let’s discuss today how we identify an unknown compound from the combined data of IR, NMR, and Mass Spectrometry.A typical question you will see would be formulated as:Identify the molecule that gives the following IR and Mass spectra data. Let’s … Read more
When analyzing mass spectra, one of the first tools you can use to figure out the molecular formula of an unknown compound or answer other questions is the Nitrogen Rule. This rule helps you quickly determine whether a molecule contains … Read more
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, giving them different atomic masses. The keyword here is “mass,” because we are discussing mass spectrometry. In a practical sense, how … Read more
α-Cleavage is a common fragmentation in mass spectrometry that occurs in molecules containing a heteroatom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. In this process, the bond between the α-carbon (the carbon directly attached to the heteroatom) and the β-carbon breaks, producing … Read more
The McLafferty rearrangement is one of the most important named fragmentations you’ll come across in mass spectrometry. It is a rearrangement fragmentation that occurs in compounds containing a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydrogen atom located three carbons away (γ-hydrogen). … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
This tutorial on solving mass spectrometry problems is designed to make the process easy by guiding you in the right direction as soon as you start analyzing mass spectra. It is your ultimate step-by-step guide to solving Mass Spec problems … Read more
So, you talked about IR spectroscopy in class, and now it’s time to summarize what you’ve learned and start solving some practical problems. The first step in doing that is to know the key absorption signals in IR spectroscopy. This … Read more
