 Imines and enamines can be hydrolyzed to aldehydes and ketones in acidic conditions:   Remember, the reactions of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols and amines are all reversible, and therefore, the products of these reactions – acetals, imines, and … Read more
We have learned that the reactions of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols and amines result in the formation of acetals, imines, and enamines, depending on the structure of the amine: Â Â These reactions are reversible, and one application of … Read more
The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with secondary amines produces enamines. Enamines are amines with a double bond on the adjacent carbon (alkene + amine = enamine):   Let’s go over the mechanism of this transformation to see how … Read more
Aldehydes and ketones react with primary amines, in mildly acidic conditions, forming an imine (a Schiff base). The reaction with secondary amines produces enamines: Â Â Just like the reaction with water and alcohols, this is also an addition reaction … Read more
Alcohols can be prepared from carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid chlorides, and even carboxylic acids by hydride reductions. These reductions are a result of a net addition of two hydrogen atoms to the C=O bond: Â Â … Read more
In the previous post, we discussed the principle and mechanism of the Wittig reaction. Go over those if you need to, and in the following practice problem, we will work on proposing a synthesis for Wittig reagents as well as … Read more
We discussed the mechanisms for the hydrolysis of acetals, imines, and enamine to aldehydes and ketones in the previous posts: Acetal Hydrolysis Mechanism Imine and Enamine Hydrolysis Mechanism So, here is a set of practice problems you can work on … Read more
In the previous two posts, we have seen that aldehydes and ketones react with primary amines, in mildly acidic conditions, forming an imine (a Schiff base). The reaction with secondary amines produces enamines:   Below are a few practice exmmples of these reactions :
Acetals are the protecting groups for aldehydes and ketones. They can be used, for example, when a selective reduction of an ester is needed in the presence of an aldehyde or a ketone: Â Â Remember, aldehydes are more reactive … Read more
The addition-elimination mechanism represents certain types of substitutions where the replacement of the leaving group is achieved in two consecutive steps – addition, and elimination. The most common example is the acyl substitution where one group connected to the carbonyl … Read more
