We have already talked about the ortho, para, and meta directions in electrophilic aromatic substitution and their combined effect for disubstituted benzene. This should allow us to synthesize different aromatic compounds starting from benzene. For example, how can we synthesize … Read more
The Diels-Alder reaction is very important in Organic Chemistry. In fact, Otto Diels and Kurt Alder received the 1950’s Chemistry Nobel Prize for the discovery of this reaction back in 1928. You will see it quite often in organic synthesis … Read more
In the previous post, we discussed the principle and mechanism of the Wittig reaction. Go over those if you need to, and in the following practice problem, we will work on proposing a synthesis for Wittig reagents as well as … Read more
We discussed the mechanisms for the hydrolysis of acetals, imines, and enamine to aldehydes and ketones in the previous posts: Acetal Hydrolysis Mechanism Imine and Enamine Hydrolysis Mechanism So, here is a set of practice problems you can work on … Read more
Acetals are the protecting groups for aldehydes and ketones. They can be used, for example, when a selective reduction of an ester is needed in the presence of an aldehyde or a ketone: Remember, aldehydes are more reactive … Read more
Organic Chemistry Practice Problems can be found after each topic covered in Chemistry Steps. The list of topics can be found here, and below are some examples of what you will find. Refer to this post if you are seeking … Read more
In the previous post, we talked about the orientation effects in EAS when there is more than one substituent on the benzene ring. In short, to predict the substitution site, you need to determine the stronger activator. Using … Read more
In this article, we will discuss the main limitations and undesired pathways in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions and the strategies to overcome them. Friedel-Crafts Reactions The Friedel-Crafts reactions are used for alkylation and acylation of aromatic compounds. Rearrangement … Read more
In this post, we will talk about the ortho-, meta, and para directors in electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). As a reminder, the ortho-, meta, and para are the relative positions of the two groups in a disubstituted aromatic ring: … Read more
