One of the first reactions of Grignard reagents we learn is the one with aldehydes and ketones, where secondary and tertiary alcohols are formed: These are classic examples of nucleophilic addition reactions to carbonyl compounds, and the good … Read more
The main component of the stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction that you are going to see in your class is the formation of endo and exo products when cyclic dienes react with dienophiles. The most common products in the reactions … Read more
We have seen that the product of the Diels-Alder reaction is most often a cyclohexene derivative. The ring is formed by the newly formed sigma bonds between the diene and the dienophile, which means 4 conjugated atoms combine with 2 … Read more
Ritalin is a central nervous system stimulant used primarily in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It acts by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain through inhibition of their reuptake. Structurally, Ritalin contains a phenyl ring … Read more
Introduction to Lactams Lactams are cyclic amides, and they are classified according to the size of the ring containing the amide group. The naming uses Greek letters that indicate how many carbon atoms lie between the nitrogen and the carbonyl … Read more
Let’s talk about the retro Diels-Alder reaction. In simpler words, this is the reverse of a given Diels-Alder reaction, which we are mainly going to need for identifying the starting materials that reacted in a particular Diels-Alder reaction. If you … Read more
In this comprehensive set of practice problems, we will work through examples of Diels–Alder reactions that include both normal and retro Diels-Alder cases, as well as variations in regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. We will also look at endo and exo selectivity, … Read more
Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and as an adjunct in major depressive disorder. It works by modulating neurotransmitter systems, particularly dopamine and serotonin receptors. Structurally, quetiapine contains a dibenzothiazepine core connected to … Read more
Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the thiazolidinedione class and works by improving insulin sensitivity, helping to regulate blood glucose levels. Structurally, pioglitazone contains a thiazolidinedione core attached to an … Read more
Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, which is a common, often asymptomatic condition characterized by high levels of lipids (cholesterol/triglycerides) in the blood, which can lead to plaque buildup in arteries. Structurally, it is … Read more
