Norbornane is a bicyclic compound (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) with a rigid, saturated framework. Norbornene is its corresponding alkene, containing a double bond that makes it reactive toward typical electrophilic addition reactions. Norbornanone is a ketone derivative, where the carbonyl group undergoes nucleophilic … Read more
Miconazole, an antifungal medication belonging to the azole class and specifically the imidazole subclass, is used to treat a variety of superficial fungal infections, including ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch, and yeast infections of the skin or vagina. It is … Read more
Ibuprofen, the active ingredient in brands such as Advil, is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes responsible for prostaglandin synthesis. It is one of the most common … Read more
In this post, we will discuss and show the mechanisms of some important reactions of lactones and lactams, such as their preparation, acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis, and reduction by LiAlH4. We will also go over the Grignard reaction of lactones. … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
In the previous few posts, we went over the basics of electrophilic aromatic substitution-halogenation, nitration, and sulfonation. Now, let’s dive into one of the most important EAS reactions discovered in 1877 by Charles Friedel and James Crafts, which allows for … Read more
The Beckmann rearrangement is a reaction in which a ketone is first converted to an oxime, which, under acidic or Lewis acidic conditions, rearranges into an amide. This reaction is closely related to the Hofmann, Schmidt, and Curtius rearrangements, as … Read more
Diisobutylaluminium hydride, also known as (DIBAL, DIBALH, DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is a bulky reducing agent that is mainly used for converting esters and nitriles to aldehydes. The reaction is carried out at lower temperatures (typically -78 oC as that is the … Read more
