Michael reactions are conjugate-addition reactions of doubly stabilized enolates such as malonic ester, acetoacetic ester, and the like with ɑ, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: So, the Michael reaction is a particular type of conjugate addition reaction that ɑ, β-unsaturated … Read more
We have seen, in the halogenation of aldehydes and ketones, that enolates are quite good nucleophiles: This reaction shows that the ɑ position of a carbonyl compound is a potential nucleophilic site. So, keep this in mind and remember … Read more
Nitriles can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids in acidic aqueous solutions, and to carboxylate salts with base-catalyzed hydrolysis: In both cases, the transformation consists of two main parts: conversion of the nitrile to an amide and hydrolysis of … Read more
In the previous post, we learned about the Friedel–Crafts alkylation and discussed its mechanism and limitations. In Friedel–Crafts acylation, aromatic compounds are reacted with an acyl halide to prepare an aryl ketone: The electrophile in this reaction is … Read more
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkynes Like alkenes, alkynes can also be subjected to Hydroboration-Oxidation to achieve an anti-Markovnikov addition of an OH group to the π bond. As in the case of acid-catalyzed hydration and oxymercuration, the intermediate here is an enol, which, this … Read more
