This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
Let’s discuss two strategies for preparing nitriles via substitution and dehydration reactions. Synthesis of Nitriles via Substitution Reactions To prepare a nitrile via a substitution reaction, we do an SN2 substitution of alkyl halides, mesylates, or tosylates with … Read more
Preparation of Nitriles Nitriles can be prepared by substitution reactions of alkyl halides with cyanide salts: These are nucleophilic substitution reactions and we introduce the nitrile group by using the nucleophilicity of the cyanide ion. In a similar … Read more
Alkynes and nitriles are structurally similar, so let’s discuss how we can replace one of the carbons in the alkyne with a nitrogen: When one of the carbons is replaced, the carbon chain will be shortened by one. … Read more
There are a few ways of converting nitriles to amides. One of them is the sure way as it imposes no risk of your instructor counting it as invalid and taking some or all your points off. This is the … Read more
There are two main strategies we can use to convert alkyl halides to carboxylic acids: 1) Oxidizing the carbon connected to the halogen, 2) Introducing the COOH group, thus increasing the length of the carbon chain: For the … Read more
In this conversion series, we mention how nitriles can be converted to ketones and aldehydes. Nitriles are converted to ketones by both Grignard and organolithium reagents: The new C-C bonds are formed by nucleophilic addition of the organometallic … Read more
In the IUPAC nomenclature, nitriles can be named by systematic and common nomenclature. Systematic Nomenclature of Nitriles In the systematic nomenclature, the suffix “nitrile” is simply added to the name of the parent alkane that contains the CN group. … Read more
A variety of reactions that we have seen earlier can be used for preparing amines. The most straightforward would look like an SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide with ammonia or an amine: The main drawback of this … Read more
