Structure and Bonding

• Lewis Structures in Organic Chemistry
• Valency and Formal Charges in Organic Chemistry
• How to Determine the Number of Lone Pairs
• Bonding Patterns in Organic Chemistry
• sp³, sp², and sp Hybridization in Organic Chemistry with Practice Problems
• How to Quickly Determine The sp³, sp^2, and sp Hybridization
• Bond Lengths and Bond Strengths
• VSEPR Theory – Molecular and Electron Geometry of Organic Molecules
• Dipole-dipole, London Dispersion, and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
• Dipole Moment and Molecular Polarity
• Boiling Point and Melting Point in Organic Chemistry
• Boiling Point and Melting Point Practice Problems
• Solubility of Organic Compounds
• General Chemistry Overview Quiz

Molecular Representations

• Bond-Line or Skeletal Structures
• Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry with Practice Problems
• Bond-line, Lewis, and Condensed Structures with Practice Problems
• Curved Arrows with Practice Problems
• Resonance Structures in Organic Chemistry with Practice Problems
• Rules for Drawing Resonance Structures
• Bonding Patterns in Organic Chemistry
• Major and Minor Resonance Contributor
• Significant Resonance Structures
• How to Choose the More Stable Resonance Structure
• Drawing Complex Patterns in Resonance Structures
• Localized and Delocalized Lone Pairs with Practice Problems
  
• Molecular Representations Quiz

Acids and Bases

• Acids and Bases – General Chemistry
• Organic Acids and Bases
• Organic acid-base mechanisms
• Acid Strength and pK_a
• How to Determine the Position of Equilibrium for an Acid-Base Reaction
• Inductive and Resonance (Mesomeric) Effects
• Factors That Determine the pK_a and Acid Strength
• How Resonance Affects Acidity and Basicity
• How to Choose an Acid or a Base to Protonate or Deprotonate a Given Compound
• Lewis Acids and Bases
• Basicity of Amines
• Organic Acids and Bases Practice Problems
• Organic Acids and Bases Quiz

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

• Naming Alkanes by IUPAC Nomenclature Rules Practice Problems
• Naming Bicyclic Compounds
• Naming Bicyclic Compounds-Practice Problems
• How to Name a Compound with Multiple Functional Groups
• Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Carbon Atoms in Organic Chemistry
• Constitutional or Structural Isomers with Practice Problems
• Degrees of Unsaturation or Index of Hydrogen Deficiency
• The Wedge and Dash Representation
• Sawhorse Projections
• Newman Projections with Practice Problems
• Staggered and Eclipsed Conformations
• Conformational Isomers of Propane
• Newman Projection and Conformational Analysis of Butane
• Newman Projection of Chair Conformation
• Gauche Conformation
• Gauche Conformation, Steric, Torsional Strain Energy Practice Problems
• Ring Strain
• Steric vs Torsional Strain
• Conformational Analysis
• Drawing the Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane
• Ring Flip: Drawing Both Chair Conformations with Practice Problems
• 1,3-Diaxial Interactions and A value for Cyclohexanes
• Ring-Flip: Comparing the Stability of Chair Conformations with Practice Problems
• Cis and Trans Decalin

• IUPAC Nomenclature Practice Problems

• IUPAC Nomenclature Summary Quiz
• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Practice Quiz

Stereochemistry

• How to Determine the R and S Configuration
• The R and S Configuration Practice Problems
• What is Nonsuperimposable in Organic Chemistry
• Chirality and Enantiomers
• Diastereomers-Introduction and Practice Problems
• Enantiomers vs Diastereomers
• Cis and Trans Isomers
• E and Z Alkene Configuration with Practice Problems
• Enantiomers vs Diastereomers
• Enantiomers, Diastereomers, the Same or Constitutional Isomers with Practice Problems
• Configurational Isomers
• Optical Activity
• Specific Rotation
• Racemic Mixtures
• Enantiomeric Excess (ee): Percentage of Enantiomers from Specific Rotation with Practice Problems
• Symmetry and Chirality. Meso Compounds
• Fischer Projections with Practice Problems
• R and S Configuration in the Fischer Projection
• R and S configuration on Newman projections

• R and S Configuration of Allenes

• Converting Bond-Line, Newman Projection, and Fischer Projections

• Resolution of Enantiomers: Separate Enantiomers by Converting to Diastereomers
• Stereochemistry Practice Problems
• Stereochemistry Practice Quiz

Energy Changes In Organic Chemistry

• Energy and Organic Chemistry Reactions
• Bond Lengths and Bond Strengths
• Homolytic and Heterolytic Bond Cleavage
• The Heat of Reaction from Bond Dissociation Energies

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

• Introduction to Alkyl Halides
• Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides
• Substitution and Elimination Reactions
• Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions – An Introduction
• All You Need to Know About the S_N2 Reaction Mechanism
  The S_N2 Mechanism: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Curved Arrows, and Stereochemistry with Practice Problems
• The Stereochemistry of S_N2 Reactions
• Stability of Carbocations
• The S_N1 Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
• Reactions of Alkyl Halides with Water
• The Stereochemistry of the S_N1 Reaction Mechanism
• The S_N1 Mechanism: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Curved Arrows, and Stereochemistry with Practice Problems
• Steric Hindrance in S_N2 and S_N1 Reactions
• Carbocation Rearrangements in S_N1 Reactions with Practice Problems
• Ring Expansion Rearrangements
• Ring Contraction Rearrangements
• When Is the Mechanism S_N1 or S_N2?
• Reactions of Alcohols with HCl, HBr, and HI Acids
• SOCl₂ and PBr₃ for Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides
• Alcohols in S_N1 and S_N2 Reactions 
• How to Choose Molecules for Doing S_N2 and S_N1 Synthesis-Practice Problems
• Exceptions in S_N2 and S_N1 Reactions
• Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Practice Quiz
• Reactions Map of Alkyl Halides

Alkenes: Structure, Stability, and Nomenclature

• Alkenes: Structure and Stability
• Naming Alkenes by IUPAC Nomenclature Rules
  
• Cis and Trans Isomers
• E and Z Alkene Configuration with Practice Problems

Elimination Reactions

• Substitution and Elimination Reactions
• The E2 Mechanism
• E2 Elimination Practice Problems
• Zaitsev’s Rule – Regioselectivity of E2 Elimination Reactions
• The Hofmann Elimination of Amines and Alkyl Fluorides
• Stereoselectivity of E2 Elimination Reactions
• Stereospecificity of E2 Elimination Reactions
• S_N2 and E2 Rates of Cyclohexanes
• Elimination Reactions of Cyclohexanes with Practice Problems
• POCl₃ for Dehydration of Alcohols
• The E1 Mechanism with Practice Problems
• Regioselectivity of E1 Reactions
• Stereoselectivity of E1 Reactions
• How to tell if it is E2 or E1 Mechanism
• S_N1 vs E1 Reactions
• S_N2 vs E2 Reactions
• Dehydration of Alcohols by E1 and E2 Elimination
• Mesylates and Tosylates as Good Leaving Groups
• Mitsunobu Reaction
• S_N1 S_N2 E1 E2 – How to Choose the Mechanism
• Polar Protic and Polar Aprotic Solvents
• S_N1 S_N2 E1 or E2 – the Largest Collection of Practice Problems
• The Hammond Postulate
• The E1cB Elimination Mechanism
• Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Practice Quiz
• Reactions Map of Alkyl Halides

Addition Reactions of Alkenes

• Electrophilic Addition Reactions to Alkenes
• Markovnikov’s Rule
• Markovnikov’s Rule with Practice Problems
• Addition of Water to Alkenes
• Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes with Practice Problems
• Rearrangements in Alkene Addition Reactions
• Oxymercuration-Demercuration
• Addition of Alcohols to Alkenes
• Free-Radical Addition of HBr: Anti-Markovnikov Addition
• Hydroboration-Oxidation: The Mechanism
• Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes: Regiochemistry and Stereochemistry with Practice Problems
• Halogenation of Alkenes and Halohydrin Formation
• The Regiochemistry of Alkene Addition Reactions
• The Stereochemistry of Alkene Addition Reactions
• Cis product in an anti-Addition Reaction of Alkenes
• Ozonolysis of Alkenes with Practice Problems
• Syn Dihydroxylation of Alkenes with KMnO₄ and OsO₄
• Anti-Dihydroxylation of Alkenes with MCPBA and Other Peroxides with Practice Problems
• Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes with KMno₄ and O₃
• Alkene Reactions Practice Problems
• Changing the Position of a Double Bond
• Changing the Position of a Leaving Group
• Alkenes Multi-Step Synthesis Practice Problems
• Alkene Addition Reactions Practice Quiz
• Reactions Map of Alkenes

Alkynes

• Introduction to Alkynes
• Naming Alkynes by IUPAC Nomenclature Rules – Practice Problems
• Preparation of Alkynes by Elimination Reactions
• Hydrohalogenation of Alkynes
• Addition of Water to Alkynes
• Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes with Practice Problems
• Reduction of Alkynes
• Halogenation of Alkynes
• Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkynes with Practice Problems
• Ozonolysis of Alkynes with Practice Problems
• Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes in Organic Synthesis with Practice Problems
• Reactions of Acetylide Ions
• Alkyne reactions summary practice problems
• Alkyne Synthesis Reactions Practice Problems
• Alkyne Naming and Reactions Practice Quiz
• Reactions Map of Alkynes

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

• NMR Spectroscopy – An Easy Introduction
• NMR Chemical Shift
• NMR Chemical Shift Range and Value Table
• NMR Number of Signals and Equivalent Protons
• Homotopic, Enantiotopic, Diastereotopic, and Heterotopic
• Homotopic Enantiotopic Diastereotopic Practice Problems
• Integration in NMR Spectroscopy
• Splitting and Multiplicity (N+1 rule) in NMR Spectroscopy
• NMR Signal Splitting N+1 Rule Multiplicity Practice Problems
• ¹³C Carbon NMR
• DEPT NMR: Signals and Problem Solving
• NMR Spectroscopy-Carbon-Dept-IR Practice Problems

Organic Structure Determination

• NMR Spectroscopy-Carbon-Dept-IR Practice Problems
• Interpreting IR Spectra
• Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy Practice Problems
• Solving Mass Spectrometry Practice Problems
• Mass Spectrometry Practice Problems

Radical Reactions

• Free-Radical Addition of HBr: Anti-Markovnikov Addition
• Initiation, Propagation, Termination in Radical Reactions
• Selectivity in Radical Halogenation
• Stability of Radicals
• Resonance Structures of Radicals
• Stereochemistry of Radical Halogenation with Practice Problems
• Allylic Bromination by NBS with Practice Problems
• Radical Halogenation in Organic Synthesis